Negotiating Gender and Sexual Norms: Queer Women and Non-Binary Individuals' Experiences and Semiotic Interpretations on Heteronormative Dating Applications

Abstract: This thesis explores how queer women and non-binary individuals navigate gender norms and heteronormativity on dating apps. It also gives insights about how queer women and gender non-conforming users semiotically perceive and interpret gender and sexuality through online profiles. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants, about their experiences on the mobile dating applications Tinder and Bumble. This study reveals the existence of resistance to gender norms and heteronormativity within online dating spaces, as well as the reliance on assumptions to interpret profiles. Users adapt their self-presentation to specific platforms, asserting their agency in expressing their gender and sexual identity. Participants develop strategies to negotiate and reshape gender norms, leveraging platform settings and features. Queer and non-binary individuals face several challenges due to binary structures and heteronormativity on dating apps. Despite this, these platforms facilitate recognition and a sense of belonging within the LGBTQ+ community. Findings show that participants rely on assumptions based on visual elements to interpret the gender identity and sexuality of another user and that cultural and gender norms influence this interpretation. However, the interpretation of cues and symbols can reinforce harmful biases and assumptions. The study highlights the need for inclusive online environments that challenge stereotypes and biases.