Design, Build and Test of planar antennae
Abstract: Planar antennae have become very popular owing to their relative ease of manufacture and unobtrusive nature (they are conformal to surfaces) especially with regard to certain devices such as smart phones, watches and fitness gadgets. Although the fractional bandwidth of planar antennae is small, the actual bandwidth in absolute terms is high owing to the higher centre frequencies used and proves useful for these applications. The department of Electrical and Information Technology at Lund University has acquired an LPKF™ ProtoLaser U3 prototyping machine for the purpose of fabricating planar antennae for various research applications. This work reviews the process required to create reliable antennae using this machine and posits important criteria that should be considered. The Frequency Domain Solver in the Microwave Studio package of the Computer Simulation Toolkit(CST) has been employed in the design and simulation of self resonant antennae at 5.2 GHz, 15 GHz and 28 GHz. The frequency response of the reflection coefficient of a fabricated antenna was found to be in good agreement with simulations if the substrate's dielectric constant and loss tangent was properly modelled in the simulations. The measured responses of fairly intricate designs were found to deviate more from simulations compared to simple designs.
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