Innovation in Business Clusters : Challenging the bottom-up logic through the example of China

Abstract: This research is based on a paradox. This paradox is the fact that, even if themain cluster theories define a bottom-up logic as the best way to develop dynamic clusters,Chinese clusters which use a top-down method supported by a global national plan seem tobe successful. The purpose of this study is to identify if it is possible for a business cluster to besuccessful while having a top-down logic heavily influenced by governmental institutions. To reach this objective, three angles are used in order to judge the quality ofinnovation techniques in these structures. These angles are classic cluster theories,innovation theories, and the understanding of companies as individualities being part of abigger structure. The study, has been conducted through a survey in Chinese businesscluster. The study resulted in the confirmation of the idea that a top-downlogic can also be associated to clusters of good quality. However, some doubts areremaining about the sustainability of this method.