The influence of conservation breeding programs on animal communication and behaviour – a literary review.

Abstract: Abstract This literary review is focused on how conservation breeding programs may influence an animal’s behaviour and communication and if this may affect reintroduction. The expansion of the human population is an increasing threat to all wild animals and their habitats. Animals are forced to survive in smaller areas and the worst case scenario is extinction. Animals communicate with each other using various types of signals to transmit information about their reproductive status, intentions, identity and their state of mind. Sexual selection can benefit these traits which improves the reproductive success in animals. In male species sexual dimorphisms have evolved to enhance a greater reproductive success, whilst secondary sexual characteristics are described as an exaggerated feature which improves success in the forms of body size, skin colour and weaponry. Zoos are being encouraged to conserve endangered species with the hope of a possible reintroduction to their native environment and it is therefore essential that zoo managers have an understanding of the species specific behaviour in order to achieve a higher reproductive success. The breeding of endangered animals in captivity provides a healthy population growth and a higher survival rate than that of their wild conspecifics. Negative impacts that can occur in captive breeding include a reduction in genetic diversity, domestication, inbreeding and a loss of fitness. When provided with enclosures that are designed to resemble their natural environment, thus allowing them to perform natural behaviours, there is a decrease in stereotypes and stress. Environmental enrichment can also provide the essential skills that are needed for their survival when reintroduced into their native habitat. I discovered that when provided with the appropriate management and enclosures animals showed a decrease in abnormal behaviour and an increase in fitness and health which influenced reproductive success.