UN Sustainable development goals from a Climate Land Energy and Water perspective for Kenya

Abstract: In September 2015 UN announced 17 Sustainable Development goals (SDG) where achieving food security, ensure availability of water for all, access to modern energy for all and combat climate change are four of the 17 goals. In Kenya only 23% of the population have electricity access and in the rural areas 93% lack access to electricity and the improved water availability only reaches 59% of the population. In Kenya 72% of the agricultural land is rain fed which makes the food availability sensitive to droughts, which happened in 2009, and in 2012-2014 22% of the population was undernourished. The main objective for this master thesis is to analyse how to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals aforementioned for Kenya with an integrated resources planning following the CLEWs framework. The toolset used for this analysis is ONSSET, OSeMOSYS and WEAP which, where possible, are interlinked to see how the resources in Kenya can be allocated to reach the SDG. The universal access to electricity by 2030 was modelled for two levels of demand where the grid demand, modelled in OSeMOSYS, found the least cost electricity mix for Kenya to be mainly geothermal and natural gas. The off-grid analysis showed that for the low electricityconsumption the stand-alone solutions of PV and diesel was most cost effective. When theres idential demand increased the mini-grid solutions was preferred. The pressure points that the modelling showed were in the water access and irrigation plans for the Tana catchment where the irrigation scheme in the upstream parts of the river, which represents 25% of the irrigated area, would have months of unmet demand. The CO2 emissions for both scenarios was found to be less (6 resp. 9 MtCO2eq) than the projected BAU emissions, 18.4 MtCO2eq, in the National Climate Change Action plan.