Adapting to Extreme Weather Events : - Addressing Flood Risks Through Planning and Policy in Namibia

Abstract: This master thesis investigates planning initiatives to address extreme weather events' impacts, specifically focusing on floods in Namibia. The study highlights the significance of such events in the context of global climate change, emphasising their adverse effects on livelihoods, particularly in rural communities and informal settlements. The research aims to evaluate existing strategic plans and policies in Namibia concerning extreme weather events and to examine the extent to which such events are considered when planning initiatives are implemented. Based on the theoretical framework of implementation theory, the study adopts a mixed-method research approach. Document analysis is employed to examine policies and plans related to planning in Namibia, while semi-structured interviews with key informants provide insights into the stakeholders' perspectives. A comprehensive understanding of the subject is achieved by comparing and validating findings from both methods. The results of the study reveal several approaches in current strategic plans and policies regarding the consideration of floods in Namibia. While several documents acknowledge the threat of floods and outline responsibilities and measures, there is a lack of comprehensive and coordinated approaches. The study highlights the need for a more integrated approach and increased alignment among different levels of planning documents. Furthermore, the research shows that the implementation of planning initiatives in Namibia is a centralised process overseen by the Ministry of Urban and Regional Development, with a limited focus on flooding beyond urban areas. The study identifies key challenges in implementing climate change adaptation strategies and projects in Namibia, including limited communication and coordination between actors, difficulties in accessing planning laws, plans and policies, and the centralisation of planning at the national level. However, opportunities for improvement are also recognised, such as enhanced local autonomy in planning processes and the integration of local and indigenous knowledge. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of addressing the impact of extreme weather events, particularly floods, through comprehensive and coordinated planning initiatives in Namibia. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and planners in developing effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change in the country.