Governments Role in Education on Citizenship Development : A Comparative Study of the United States and Swedenʼs Educational Systems

Abstract:     The purpose of this research is to examine the connection between the institution of education and its effects on citizenship development in a given country. A new theory is developed making the case that education is an institution supported by national governments to promote norms and values of the ideal citizen through socialization. This theory is based on the use of new institutionalism and historical institutionalism to show the effects education has on a society. This thesis then takes a global perspective on education and citizenship, trying to understand the rise of research on global citizenship education theories. This theory is then tested using a comparative case study between the United States and Sweden, using textual analysis of educational policies of each country. The United States case study examined the No Child Left Behind Act and the Common  Core State Standards. The Sweden case study reviewed the Education Act (Skollag) of 1985 and the National Agency of Education’s Curriculum for the compulsory school (Läroplan).  The analysis of these documents finds that the United States’ ideal citizen is one that understands the laws of the country and civic duties, is ready and prepared for the “college and career” pathway, and believes in the liberal democratic economy. Whereas, Sweden’s ideal citizen is one that understands the fundamental democratic values,  differing cultures, cooperation and solidarity, and equality.