Transverse dynamics and system overview for the LEBT section of the ESS linac
Abstract: The Low Energy Beam Transport, LEBT, is the _rst part of the European Spallation Source accelerator, the ESS linac, that is currently under construction in Lund. The LEBT section, that will be installed and commissioned in early 2018, has the purpose of focusing and steering the low-energy proton beam that enters directly from the ion source. For simulation of the beam dynamics in the LEBT, ESS uses the accelerator application library OpenXAL. This thesis presents the work in benchmarking models for the LEBT's focusing solenoids and steerers for OpenXAL, as well as the development of a user-friendly trajectory and envelope simulation application for the control room. Using TraceWin as a reference, the derived three-lenses approximation reduced the estimated worst case angle error of the steerers from 11.5% to 4.5% for the horizontal steerer and from 9.8% to 3.7% for the vertical steerer. Similar error reductions were found for the modi_ed hard-edge model for the solenoids and the envelope evolution model. The LEBT application will be further developed by the Beam Physics section of ESS, and will _nally be used in the control room during commissioning and routine operations of the LEBT.
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