Comparison and Performance Evaluation of Modern Cryptography and DNA Cryptography

Abstract: In this paper, a new cryptographic method called DNA cryptography and the already existing methods of modern cryptography are studied, implemented and results are obtained. Both these cryptographic method’s results are compared and analyzed to find out the better approach among the two methods. The comparison is done in the main aspects of process running time, key size, computational complexity and cryptographic strength. And the analysis is made to find the ways these above mentioned parameters are enhancing the respective cryptographic methods and the performance is evaluated. For comparison the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) from the modern methods and the DNA hybridization and the chromosomes DNA indexing methods from the DNA cryptography methods are implemented and analyzed. These intended methods are dependent on the main principles of mathematical calculations and bio molecular computations. The Triple DES algorithm uses three keys. In this method the DES block cipher algorithm is utilized three times to each different block of the input data to obtain the encrypted text. And then the DES block cipher decryption algorithm is applied to the obtained cipher text three times using the same three keys and the original message is obtained. The key size is increased in Triple DES more than that of the DES which makes the algorithm more secured. In the DNA hybridization method, the original message which is referred as plain text is converted in the form of binary. This binary form of data is then compared with the randomly generated OTP key in the DNA form and the encrypted message is obtained. This obtained encrypted message is also in the form of DNA. The decryption message is carried out in reverse using the encrypted data and the OTP key and the original message is retrieved. In the DNA indexing method, the plain text which is the original message is converted to the binary form and again to the DNA form. The OTP keys are generated randomly from the public database. This OTP key and the DNA form of the plain text are compared and a random index is generated, which is the encrypted data. Decryption process is carried out in the opposite order to obtain the original plain text message. Finally, the results of DNA cryptography are compared with that of the results obtained in Triple DES algorithm and the performance is evaluated to find out the most secured and less time consuming technique. The proposed work is implemented using bio informatics toolbox in MATLAB.