Essays about: "Article 234"
Showing result 1 - 5 of 9 essays containing the words Article 234.
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1. Shipping in the World's Northernmost Ocean - Legal Disputes & Controversies in the Arctic Sea Routes & the Legal Impact of an Future Internationalization
University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionenAbstract : Arktis utgör ett av de minst utvecklade internationella regioner i världen. Trots politiska initiativ som arktiska rådet och liknande existerar det inte idag något övergripande legalt ramverk för att adressera flertalet juridiska dispyter och kontroverser. READ MORE
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2. Preliminary rulings and the co-operation between national and European Courts.
University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionenAbstract : The topic of this thesis is the preliminary ruling institution found in article 234 EC and especially the obligation of national courts of last instance to refer questions to the Court of Justice in paragraph three of this article. This institution is based on a co-operation between the ECJ and national courts giving each of the two types of courts their own tasks and responsibilities. READ MORE
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3. The preliminary ruling procedure as part of a 'complete system of remedies': Does the obligation to seek a preliminary ruling ensure effective judicial protection of individuals?
University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionenAbstract : Access to court is essential for the protection of all rights of individuals. The same holds true for the rights individuals derive from Community law. The Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) is the only court competent to review the legality of acts of the Community institutions. READ MORE
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4. A court or tribunal within the meaning of Article 234 of the Treaty: the Court's jurisprudence from Vaassen (née Göbbels) to Syfait
University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionenAbstract : The thesis you are about to read concerns the expression ''court or tribunal of a Member State'' contained within Article 234 of the Treaty. While the Article is silent as to what is to define such a body, the European Court of Justice has ruled that it is for the Court to rule upon which bodies constitute a court or tribunal for the purposes of making a preliminary ruling reference. READ MORE
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5. Refugee Protection in the framework of the Common European Asylum System
University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionenAbstract : The foundation of International Refugee Law was laid down in the early 1950s by the creation of the UNHCR and the Geneva Convention of July 28 1951Relating to the Status of Refugees (hereinafter the Geneva Convention) and its 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Refugees and asylum seekers are not only protected through the relatively limited refugee law but also through general human rights instruments. READ MORE