Essays about: "proportionate"

Showing result 6 - 10 of 53 essays containing the word proportionate.

  1. 6. Does the solidarity contribution under the Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1854 on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices infringe the protection of property guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights?

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Institutionen för handelsrätt

    Author : Albert Valdez; [2023]
    Keywords : Solidarity Contribution; windfall tax; Council Regulation EU 2022 1854; Article 1 of Protocol 1 of ECHR; Protection of Property; Law and Political Science;

    Abstract : This thesis discusses the legality of the solidarity contribution relative to Article 1 of Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). As such, this paper aims to provide an answer to the question “Does the solidarity contribution under the Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1854 on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices infringe Article 1 of Protocol 1 of the ECHR. READ MORE

  3. 7. Targeted interest deduction limitation rules post-Lexel

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Institutionen för handelsrätt

    Author : Alexander Tale; [2022]
    Keywords : Tax; EU; European Union; Interest; Targeted interest deduction rules; CIT; Coporate income tax; BEPS; OECD; Pillar Two; DEBRA; ATAD; IRD; Lexel; SIAT; Thin Cap; Deduction; Sweden; Court of Justice; Business law; Business and Economics; Law and Political Science;

    Abstract : The need for targeted interest deduction rules is far from over. Most recently targeted interest deduction limitation rules have been presented in the proposal for a Directive implementing OECD Pillar Two in the EU, as well as in the proposal for a Directive on debt-equity bias reduction allowance. READ MORE

  4. 8. Spatial Statistical Modelling of Insurance Claim Frequency

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Matematisk statistik

    Author : Daniel Faller; [2022]
    Keywords : Insurance risk; claim frequency; Markov chain Monte Carlo MCMC ; Riemann manifold Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm MMALA ; spatial statistics; Gaussian Markov random field GMRF ; preconditioned Crank Nicolson Langevin algorithm pCNL ; Gibbs sampling; Bayesian hierarchical modelling; high dimensional; shrinkage prior; horseshoe prior; regularisation.; Mathematics and Statistics;

    Abstract : In this thesis a fully Bayesian hierarchical model that estimates the number of aggregated insurance claims per year for non-life insurances is constructed using Markov chain Monte Carlo based inference with Riemannian Langevin diffusion. Some versions of the model incorporate a spatial effect, viewed as the relative spatial insurance risk that originates from a policyholder's geographical location and where the relative spatial insurance risk is modelled as a continuous spatial field. READ MORE

  5. 9. Entering the Artwork : The Effect of Virtual Reality Affordances on Art Interpretation

    University essay from Malmö universitet/Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3)

    Author : Kristina Lugonja; [2022]
    Keywords : Virtual reality; VR exhibitions; affordances; encoding decoding; art; interpretation; tacit learning;

    Abstract : The employment of virtual reality (VR) in the cultural heritage context has been recognized as a new trend shaping the way audiences interact with museums. This research explores the effect of VR experience on art interpretation through an audience reception analysis of two VR exhibitions: Mona Lisa: Beyond the Glass and Dreams of Dalí. READ MORE

  6. 10. Data Protection and the Division of Legislative Power – Enforcement of the EU Fundamental Right to Protection of Personal Data after Case C-817/19 Ligue des droits humains

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionen; Lunds universitet/Juridiska fakulteten

    Author : Alise Forsman; [2022]
    Keywords : EU law; constitutional law; fundamental rights; data protection; proportionality; Law and Political Science;

    Abstract : I denna uppsats undersöks dataskydd som en konstitutionell rättighet i EU och de omständigheter under vilka rättigheten kan begränsas. Rätten till respekt för privatlivet och skydd för personuppgifter återfinns i artiklarna 7 och 8 i Europeiska unionens stadga om de grundläggande rättigheterna. READ MORE