Essays about: "science freedom"

Showing result 1 - 5 of 305 essays containing the words science freedom.

1. 1. Culpa in Code: Exploring Autonomous Algorithmic Collusion under EU Competition Law

   University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska fakulteten; Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionen

   Author : Carl Brinnen; [2023]
   Keywords : AI; Algorithms; Competition Law; Anti-trust Law; EU; Fault; Intent; Negligence; Dolus; Culpa; Digital Eye; Law and Political Science;

   Abstract : Algorithms wield an increasingly significant influence in our everyday lives. Both in traditional brick-and-mortar markets, and particularly in the digital markets, companies use algorithms for various operations. Instances of algorithmic collusion have already surfaced. However, a more signifi-cant threat may await. READ MORE

3. 2. Is this the end of the Marks & Spencer Doctrine? - The Freedom of Establishment, Permanent Establishments and Objective Comparability

   University essay from Lunds universitet/Institutionen för handelsrätt

   Author : Ismail Quttineh; [2023]
   Keywords : EU-law; Direct Taxation; Permanent Establishment; Subsidiary; Marks Spencer; Law; Tax; PE; Law and Political Science;

   Abstract : The Thesis examines issues of European Corporate Tax Law and specifically the notion of the Marks & Spencer doctrine, with respect to non-resident permanent establishments. The doctrine entails the possibility for a resident company to deduct losses that were incurred by a PE, situated in another Member State. READ MORE

4. 3. “For Your Freedom and Ours” Exploring the Motives Behind the Polish and Czech Response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine through Role Conceptions

   University essay from Lunds universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen

   Author : Linnea Månsson; [2023]
   Keywords : Czech Republic; Poland; role conceptions; role theory; Ukraine; European Union; United States.; Law and Political Science;

   Abstract : In their response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in 2022, Poland and the Czech Republic surprised the world with their decisive and strong support, being leading contributors of both humanitarian and military aid. This paper is a qualitative case study using content analysis method and the theoretical framework of role theory. READ MORE

5. 4. Freedom in the Digital Age - VAT challenges from data as currency and the platform economy

   University essay from Lunds universitet/Institutionen för handelsrätt

   Author : André Dammert; [2023]
   Keywords : Value Added Tax VAT ; e-commerce; Bitcoin; Data as Currency; Platform Economy; Natural Rights; Public Choice; Governing the Commons; New Institutionalism; Law and Political Science;

   Abstract : 2000-talet har introducerat nya sätt att bedriva e-handel, med plattformsekonomin som suddar ut gränserna för vilken person som tillhandahåller tjänster från ett mervärdesskatteperspektiv. Bitcoin har blivit pengar för internetåldern. READ MORE

6. 5. Unravelling the Tensions; Impact of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU on Fundamental Rights and the Intricacy of Freedom of Movement

   University essay from Lunds universitet/Juridiska institutionen; Lunds universitet/Juridiska fakulteten

   Author : Hafeizh Astian; [2023]
   Keywords : Common Foreign and Security Policy; CFSP; Restrictive Measures; Sanctions; EU Law; Law and Political Science;

   Abstract : The CFSP has become a focal point of legal and political analysis, particularly concerning its impact on fundamental rights and the free movement of capital. Departing from that situation, the thesis attempts to delve into the complex question as its research question to find out how the EU balance its collective interests in pursuing sanctions with national sovereignty, the fundamental rights of individuals affected by the CFSP measures and what is the CJEU role in the effort to strike a balance between those elements? The analysis of the thesis begins by exploring the legal basis and evolution of CFSP, followed by an assessment by the EU CFR and its interplay with the CFSP measures. READ MORE