Essays about: "top-down and bottom-up approaches"

Showing result 26 - 30 of 45 essays containing the words top-down and bottom-up approaches.

  1. 26. From visions of sharing power to building a culture of learning. Citizen participation in communication processes for development, in Malmö, Sweden

    University essay from Malmö universitet/Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS)

    Author : Frida Leander; [2018]
    Keywords : citizen participation; communication for development; participatory communication; voice; power;

    Abstract : The City of Malmö, Sweden’s third largest city, has high ambitions when it comes to inclusion and participation from local businesses and universities, NGOs and citizens. The decision to democratize management and to change the city’s processes towards working on (more) equal terms with relevant actors, was made by the City Council in 2014 as a step towards a socially sustainable development. READ MORE

  3. 27. A Qualitative Approach to Refugee Law and International Migrant Legislation: The Life Stories of Venezuelan Emigrants

    University essay from Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för globala studier

    Author : Lis Cristina Santamaría García; [2017-10-04]
    Keywords : Refugee Law; Refugee; Migrant; Emigrant; International Migrant Legislation; Venezuela; Case Study; Life Stories; Qualitative Research;

    Abstract : This research studies the Venezuelan emigrants’ case in order to contest refugee law and international migrant legislation. Fragments-of-life-stories & semi-structured interviews were used as bottom-up approach, and document research including NGO reports was conducted from a top-down perspective, aiming to provide a cohesive, comprehensive and coherent image of what it means to be a Venezuelan emigrant in the last eighteen years. READ MORE

  4. 28. Bottom up urbanism : Exploring the potential of bottom up initiatives as to encourage pro-environmental behaviour change and action

    University essay from KTH/Urbana och regionala studier

    Author : Mathilde Riou; Elisa Carvalho Diniz; [2017]
    Keywords : pro-environmental behaviour; climate change; public spaces; bottom up; top down; place attachment; placemaking;

    Abstract : It has been widely acknowledged that environmental damage and changes in the global climate can be attributed to human activities. In their attempt to deal with these issues, current top down approaches to mitigate climate change not only have limited efficacy, but also fail at changing people’s behaviour. READ MORE

  5. 29. Planning for sustainability in Swedish municipalities: a strategic approach

    University essay from Blekinge Tekniska Högskola/Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling

    Author : Zsuzsanna Viszlay; Jannika Mumme; Hanne Hagedorn; [2017]
    Keywords : sustainable development; strategic planning; municipalities; Översiktsplan; FSSD; enabler and barriers;

    Abstract : Municipalities play an important role in society’s transition towards sustainability. However, as they are subject to forces from both top-down (legislation etc.) and bottom-up (stakeholders’ needs and interests etc.), as well as internal dynamics within the municipal organisation, their planning approaches are usually not strategic. READ MORE

  6. 30. Succeeding with Smart People Initiatives: Difficulties and Preconditions for Smart City Initiatives that Target Citizens

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Institutionen för informatik

    Author : Amanda Jungstrand; Polina Ceco; [2017]
    Keywords : Smart City; citizens; Smart People; Smart City initiatives; Smart People initiatives; difficulties; preconditions; Technology and Engineering; Social Sciences;

    Abstract : Smart City is a paradigm for the development of urban spaces through the implementation of state-of-the-art ICT. There are two main approaches when developing Smart Cities: top-down and bottom-up. READ MORE