Benefit and value of Li-Ion batteries in combination with largescale IRES : The case of solar PV in India and wind power in Sweden

Abstract: Li-ion batteries have demonstrated to be a very flexible source with energystorage capability. Due to their scalability and wide range of power and energydensities, they are suitable for several applications. Li-ion storage cantherefore provide different services, the remuneration of which depends onthe electricity market of the country. In this work, two different case studiesof combination of Li-ion batteries with large-scale renewable power plantshave been investigated: batteries with solar PV in India and with wind powerin Sweden. Simulation models have been developed to assess the operationand profitability potential of different services in these two case studies. Themodels have been built using control algorithms, linear optimization (LP) andstochastic programming techniques. The results show that the use of batteriesfor solar power output smoothing under a power purchase agreement canbe a profitable business case in India. Moreover, batteries providing primaryfrequency regulation (FCR-N) in Sweden show to have a positive economicvalue. System breakeven costs to make the stacking of wind power productionimbalance compensation and FCR-N services profitable have been found,which based on conservative price expectations should be achieved by 2022.