Molecular gas around the binary star R Aquarii

Abstract: At the end of the lives of low- to intermediate mass stars they can be found on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). The AGB phase ends when the entire circumstellar envelope (CSE) is blown away in a superwindphase, in the end creating a planetary nebula. It is unknown what shapes the CSE and the planetary nebula. Binarity is a favored theory. In order to test this theory the CSE around the star R Aquarii has been studied using the emission from different molecules observed with ALMA. R Aquarii is a nearby binary system and therefore easy to study. The system consists of a Mira variable on the AGB and a hot white dwarf. It was found that only in the emission from the 12CO J=3–2 transition were the CSE resolved enough for any structure to be seen. The morphology was irregular and no clear symmetry was seen. A spot in the same molecular line was detected at high velocities (v = -23 km/s) relative to the star at a projected distance of 7 arcsec south of R Aqr. Line profiles for 12CO and 13CO follow the same shape but differs in magnitude, indicating that they can be found in the same structure. A mass loss rate of 6.5·10-7 solar masses per year was calculated for R Aquarii using line intensities obtained from the line profile of 12CO. The morphology and kinematics of the CO CSE of R Aquarii are discussed within the limitations of the current data set. More observations with better resolution are needed to better understand the morphology of the CSE of R Aquarii and draw firm conclusions.