Multi-objective Optimization of Fenestration Design in Residential spaces. The Case of MKB Greenhouse, Malmö, Sweden

Abstract: This thesis investigates the optimization of fenestration design for multi-family apartments, considering the heating demand, daylight autonomy as well as overheating. A literature review was conducted to situate the thesis focus within the broader academic field of façade optimization, and a specific apartment located in the city of Malmö was chosen as the study object. The results presented are the outcome of climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM) simulations and dynamic thermal modelling (DTM) simulations, all of which were integrated in a single script definition within the visual programming environment of Grasshopper (2016). A significant part of the study involved the use of an optimization algorithm, to assess multiple fenestration designs based on their daylighting and heating performance. The optimum window position, size and shape were assessed as a function of the achieved daylight levels, the energy required for heating, the impact of solar gains and the amount of overheating time for the studied spaces. Overall, it was shown that the objectives of heating and daylighting are in conflict in the Swedish context, when the aim is to satisfy both luminous and thermal needs. In addition, it was shown that the window-to-wall ratio is not sufficient as information regarding the building performance, as different geometrical aspects of windows and their position can lead to different results for the same glazing area.