Automating 3D graphics generation using GIS data - Terrain and Road reproduction

Abstract: In this thesis we evaluate different types of GIS data as well as their use cases in the context of the generation of 3D environments. We explore what kinds of GIS data are suited towards 3D graphics generation, how each type is typically represented and different use cases for each. Subsequently, a software prototype is implemented inside an existing codebase, in the form of a tool for a 3D editor that uses GIS data files to produce textured terrain as well as synthetically reproduced roads. A novel technique for detecting and extracting roads from LiDAR data is introduced, and used to generate roads in the form of 3D meshes. The road extraction technique is based on shape analysis of LiDAR-backed road cross-sections. The program creates satisfactory terrain, but the texturing is observably awed as a consequence of the choice of source data. The road extraction typically works well, allowing for a visually pleasing and correct reproduction of roads. However, the technique is weak in handling edge cases due to the opimization problem of minimizing both false negatives and false positives. The prototype clearly demonstrates the merits of using GIS data for the purpose of generating 3D environments, and the lessons learned are valuable to similar endeavors.