Energy Efficient Analysis for WCDMA/ 3G Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Deployments in Indoor Environment

Abstract: In near future, the cellular traffic will increase rapidly with majority of the increase coming from Indoor traffic. To cope up with the ever increasing demand, more Base Stations are being deployed in limited areas, which can increase the capacity but will also be responsible for increased energy consumption. Since power is a valuable commodity today both economical and environmental wise, energy efficient deployment along with capacity improvement is crucial for both incumbent and new telecom operators. The objective of this Thesis is to evaluate Power consumption and Capacity for Indoor users, both in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous infra structure cases for the 3G WCDMA/UMTS technology. The comparison is done for Uniform and Non-Uniform Traffic Distributions. In homogeneous case, results indicate that there is a tradeoff between Area Power Consumption, APC and Area Spectral Efficiency, ASE. Large Macro Base Stations covering a limited Indoor Area use less APC but provides low ASE. Small Micro Base Stations which cover the same Indoor Area consumes little more APC then Macro BS but increases the ASE manifold. In Heterogeneous case results suggest that Heterogeneous Networks (HETNET) cases enhance the Area Throughput significantly with a small increase in Area Power Consumption. MACRO+10WLAN 1is the best HETNET case in both Uniform and Non-Uniform Traffic with up to 40% Energy savings and higher data/user compared to MACRO Only deployment. The traffic patterns, number of active users in a cell and Inter Site Distances between Base Stations strongly influence the energy saving and capacity enhancements.