"NO ONE CARES WHAT HAPPENS TO A GYPSY" Conceptualisation and Reasons for Underreporting of Hate Crime by the EU Citizens of Roma Descent in Malmö, Sweden

Abstract: Objectives: Romania joined to European Union (EU) in 2007. Consequently, the number of EU citizens of Roma descent increased in Sweden as the movement of freedom was granted. This study attempts to understand the conceptualisation and reason for underreporting hate crimes in Malmö, Sweden. Methods: Qualitative data collection methods of semi-structured interview and participant observation were employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 EU citizens of Roma descent and 6 Civil Society Organization Representatives (a social worker, lawyers, a project manager and a journalist/consultant). Participant observation took place in a community centre where EU citizens of Roma descent visit in Malmö. Principal Findings: The majority of the research about EU citizens of Roma descent in Malmö must address the living and working conditions of the Roma: homelessness, deprivation of basic needs and working on the streets. Participants endure hate crimes daily. The conceptualisation of the hate crime of the Roma participants is primarily in line with Swedish Criminal Code with additions. Unless severe physical harm occurs, participants do not tend to report it as they do not have time, energy or trust in authorities.