Medical Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf- Could health collaboration improve intergovernmental relations and public health in the Gulf- region?

Abstract: Introduction: International cooperation is essential for public health, as countries need to access medical equipment, combat health crises, and strengthen health capacities. Medical Diplomacy is a concept and practices that combines the goals of improving intergovernmental relations and health, by initiating and facilitating intergovernmental health cooperation. Objectives: This study specifically investigates whether the practice of Medical Diplomacy could be useful for improving relations and public health in the Persian Gulf. The geographical area of interest is relevant both from a public health and diplomatic perspective. As tensions run high in the region, cooperate on health issues might help to improve both regional relations, and public health. Method: A Constructivists Grounded Theory approach was applied. Data consisted of expert- interviews with relevant professionals (n=11) from countries (n=7) in the Gulf region. Results: The study shows that Medical Diplomacy could potentially play an important role in improving intergovernmental relations and public health among the Gulf countries. Medical Diplomacy could provide a platform for dialogue, initiate interaction and reduce suspicion. Multiple areas of possible health collaboration were identified. However, there are also impediments to the application of Medical Diplomacy in the Gulf. Some of these are related to the complex and troubled history of the region, international politics, and lack of common medical standards and practices. A framework for clarification, which maps Gulf-specific opportunities, challenges, and important approaches to consider in relation to Medical Diplomacy, was developed. Conclusion: This study presents both the promise, as well as challenges of Medical Diplomacy in the Gulf region. Although possibly limited by endogenous and exogenous factors, Medical Diplomacy could improve health and relations among the Gulf countries.