Identity formation in Jamaican children of garrison communities and their perception of factors shaping their identities: A phenomenological study

Abstract: Abstract The research sought to present a deep analysis on the formation of identities in Jamaican children living in garrison community in the context of community violence. A phenomenological scientific and theoretical approach was applied, focusing on lived and imagined experiences formations. Data was collected using open interviews from six children, age nine to eleven. The obtained text was subjected to in depth analysis using the software tool Meaning Constitution Analysis (MCA) – Minerva, developed by R. Sages. Further, dialogical self theory was applied to the analyzed text exploring for the eventual multiple identities in the children. It was found that the children exhibited multiple identities based on the influence of the surrounding society. The major shaping factor influencing identities were the role of authority figures with the ability to provide, protect and be caregiver. The role of the school influenced identity in the direction of leadership and motivation to achieve. While family members were positive forces for future goals and in guiding decision making. Finally, war had a negative impact on identity creating emotions of fear and confusion. These factors contribute to increase understanding of children whose safe heaven or security is invaded. Such knowledge is helpful to consider when looking at children in insecure situation.