Investigating the autoimmunity profiles of Covid-19 patients

Abstract: The clinical severity of Covid-19 varies greatly between individuals, and all underlying risk factors are not yet well understood. Previous studies have shown Covid patients to be enriched with autoantibodies against type I interferons, suggesting autoimmunity may be an underlying factor of susceptibility to severe disease. In this project, the interplay between severe Covid-19 and autoimmunity was investigated in 114 Swedish patients, sampled in April- May 2020 as well as longitudinal re-samplings 4 and 8 months later, using the infrastructure of the Human Protein Atlas and the SciLife lab autoimmunity and serology profiling unit. First, 16 patients with few comorbidities were analyzed for autoantibodies at a near proteome-wide scale using planar microarrays, after which a custom antigen panel was assembled based on observed reactivities and literature studies. The antigen panel was implemented in a 384-plex suspension bead array which was run for all patient samples and a control group. Among the Covid patients, 23 antigens were called as differentially reactive and 8 of them were proposed as relevant to immunoregulation or Covid pathogenesis. The results partially replicated previous findings of autoimmunity directed to type I interferons and offer a list of candidate autoantigens for further inquiries.