Tre projektmodeller och två fallstudier : ett steg mot fördjupad kunskap om landskapsarkitekters projekt och process

Abstract: The formulation of visions into practical projects is an important part of the professional expertise of landscape architects. This expertise includes the gathering, structuring, improvement and utilization of knowledge. Project models have been developed to provide tools for the implementation and governance of projects, as well as means of learning, reflection and survey of individual projects. The aim of this thesis is to describe some general project models and their theory, and to describe practical, real-life examples of project models used within landscape architecture. Questions asked are: • How do the processes of idea to construction in landscape architectural projects lool like? Do project models have a relevance for the mission of landscape architects? • Is a common project model used within such projects, or is the project model varying depending on e.g. the responsible project leader, the type of project and other factors? The methodologies used have been literature studies on project models and structured interviews with two landscape architects at White Architects, Göteborg (case study). The particular features of three different project models (a so-called Common Model, PROPS, and Sneda Vågen) were analysed. Reflections on the different project phases of two landscape architecture projects were made after interviews. Taken together, the current work emerged into a definition of important factors for successful projects within landscape architecture. The theories on optimal project models which bring creative ideas into successful final results are not limited to one particular professional area. The Common Model and the PROPS model have large similarities, for example the different project phases. On the other hand, PROPS has been further developed, taking into consideration the increased needs of larger clients, bigger organizations, documentation and follow-up. The Sneda Vågen model has parallel subprojects which provide time advantages and efficiency. This model then puts large demands not only on very well defined sub-goals but also on an extensive and meticulous pre-planning study. The variety of available models is an illustration that a project can evolve from idea to final product in multiple ways. Since every project is unique and has special characteristics, each project may develop its own process. This was also demonstrated in the results of the two White projects. The two projects had similar project model phases, but also major differences depending on project type, size and participants. Multiple project models and the uniqueness of a specific project make it difficult to establish generalized truths about which model would be the best and which model would be optimal for landscape architecture. On the basis of the present study, it is suggested that a project model provides a good structure and support for a company, organization or team. The structure facilitates the roles and responsibilities of the project partners. Documentation of the results in the project phases provides a tool for learning where good experiences may be used in future work. A working project model adapted to the needs of the organization and its clients may be cost-efficient. On the basis of the reflections made on the literature and the case study, specific prerequisites for a successful project model and project results, are: engaged project partners and individuals, well developed communication and a meticulous planning in an early stage. These factors act in concert with the promotion of creativity.