In Vitro Studies on the Uptake of Ion-X-Gel Precursor and SPIO by Various Cell Types

Abstract: Abstract Contrast agents for MRI can greatly improve the contrast in the image, making it easier to pinpoint the position of, for example, inflamed tissues or tumors. There is a need for novel contrast agents with better spatial resolution, higher sensitivity, fewer false positives and lower toxicity. As for all pharmaceuticals, it is important to thoroughly test the compound prior to clinical applications. The contrast agent IXG, currently under development by Spago Imaging AB, was analyzed in vitro for cellular uptake and toxicity. In order not to complicate future patents, a precursor was used. Viability analysis of HepG2, L929, RAW264.7 and Jurkat cells showed no apparent toxicity at concentrations above what is clinically relevant, while HUVEC cells were more affected. Cellular uptake was analyzed by ICP-AES and complemented with immunocytochemical staining. An internalization of IXGp was seen in RAW264.7 cells and possibly, but not confirmed in Jurkat cells, but only when the cells were incubated with high concentrations. No uptake could be proven in HUVEC, HepG2 and L929 cells. The findings in this report can help in forming hypothesis on how IXG behaves in in vivo and may be useful for further developing the nanomaterial.