Identification of Child Maltreatment : A Systematic Literature Review on Professionals' Identification of Child Maltreatment and the Influencing Factors that Affect their Ability to Act.

Abstract: Several organizations actively work for children's rights to a safe and secure upbringing (WHO, 2022b; UNICEF, 2021). Despite this, over 1 billion children were exposed to physical, sexual, or psychological/emotional harm in 2021 (WHO, 2022c). Children exposed to maltreatment, abuse, and neglect during childhood are affected in their attachment, self-esteem, and trust. They are also at risk for higher vulnerability to physical illness, mental illness, eating disorders, alcohol- or drug abuse, and developing criminal behavior. The current systematic literature review aims to provide further knowledge about how professionals identify child maltreatment and which influencing factors affect the professionals’ actions to the suspicions. The study reviews nine articles together with a literature background to identify patterns and shortcomings. The current study highlights that indications of maltreatment are recognizable, despite if the definition of maltreatment is occasionally viewed as non-specific. Recognized indications are, among other things, visible changes, damage to the body, and changes in behavior and actions. The study also shows that professionals often lack knowledge and awareness of child maltreatment. Factors that inhibit action include culture, values, fear of misjudging the situation, or negative impact on the relationship with the child's network. It could also be due to organizational deficiencies such as time and resources.