Visualization of 3D Real Properties in Sweden

Abstract: It is a high demand of land in the society today, especially in urbanized areas. Values of land are increasing, and the cities get more complex constructions and relations between ownership.Since the 1st of January 2004 it is possible to form real properties that are limited both horizontally and vertically. This is called three-dimensional real properties a property spaces and is defined in the Swedish Land Code and the Real Property Act. The purpose is to separate land and buildings with different functions on different levels to achieve a more efficient use of land.The aim in this thesis is to investigate current legislation and recommendations for presentation of 3D real properties and their rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) and how these are presented in cadastral dossiers today. Further, the thesis addresses the question of how a 3D cadastral model should be visualized, which level of detail should be implemented in the model and which input data is required. The thesis has been conducted by studying literature, documents and laws, creating a 3D model and by study and evaluate cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation.The current legislation for property formation declares that if a property boundary cannot be marked in the ground, it should be presented by “enough accuracy” in maps and drawings. As a complement to this there are also a textual description of the vertical and horizontal extent of the property. The results of the study show that the intelligibility of the 3D extension in cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation can be improved. One way to improve this is to use standardized 3D models which can make it easier to interpret the relations between real property boundaries, RRRs, the construction and other features of interest. But to create a 3D model that presents the accurate cadastral relationships can be very time consuming and requires a lot of data. To solve this, a concept for standardized 3D models in three levels of detail is proposed. The concept covers a general, schematic and detailed model. The models require different types and amount of data and need different amount of work to create. A general visualization concept for these models are also proposed.A conclusion that can be drawn, is that standards and requirements for presentation of the extent of 3D real properties and RRRs is are missing today. It is hard to interpret the legal situation in current cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation, if this could be presented in a better way it could lead to more efficient processes and better understanding by both professionals and laymen. Another conclusion is that how 3D real properties and RRRs are formed varies a lot, from simple volumes to more complex situation related to construction details. This makes it hard to create one type of 3D cadastral model that covers all types of 3D real property situations.