The phase-out of crop-based biofuels in EU by 2030 : analyzing the effects on the palm oil market and

Abstract: When EU introduced the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in 2009, one of the goals where that by 2020 every EU country should have 10% of their transportation running on biofuels. This made the market for biofuel rise and therefore also the exports of palm oil to the EU. In 2017, 3,9 million tons of palm oil was used for biofuels and that is a share of 51% of all palm oil imported in to the EU. In 2018, EU updated the RED and is now called REDII. One of the criteria was to phase-out crop-based biofuels with high Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) risk by 2030. The palm oil used for biofuel in EU is questionable as an environmental and sustainable fuel. This thesis investigates the phase-out of crop-based biofuels with high ILUC risk by 2030 in EU, its impact on the palm oil market and