Electrification of Heavy Transport Vehicles in Stockholm Sweden

Abstract: Sweden wants to reach its climate goals and one important step towards doing so is to lower road emissions. Today heavy transport constitutes 5% of all vehicles on the road in Sweden but are contributing to 25% of all CO2 road emissions. Therefore, electrification of heavy vehicle transport could contribute a lot towards reaching Sweden’s climate goals. The transition into heavy electric vehicles will however affect many different areas within the haulage market as well as Sweden’s electrical grid. For the scope of this report Stockholm is used as an example to calculate what is required to successfully transition the existing truck fleet into a fully electrical truck fleet. The report aims to answer seven questions that will give a clear indication on the feasibility and effects of a fully electrical truck fleet in Stockholm. The questions answered are: A) Will electrical vehicles be able to last the long-range transportation routes that the haulage market currently has? B) How many charging stations would be needed to supply these vehicles with electricity? C) Where will these charging station need to be placed? D) When will the trucks be charged? E) What is the charging time for a large truck, and will this severely impact the effectiveness of the hauling market? F) How much electricity will Sweden have to produce to supply the trucks with electricity? G) Can Sweden supply this electricity in a sustainable way? The methods used in this report are based on literature studies. Contemporary information about Stockholm’s haulage market as well as trends on the heavy electrical vehicle market will be analysed to conclude how feasible this transition is. In the results it is estimated that electrical trucks can last between 76-92% of all transportation routes depending on load weight and battery size. Between 3000 and 4300 charging stations would be needed in Stockholm to supply the trucks with electricity. The most likely charging scenario is believed to be mostly overnight combined with mid-routecharging when needed. This electricity will be distributed mainly over Östermalm, Järfälla, Årstaberg as well as Huddinge. The charging times for trucks range from 55 minutes to 2 hours 15 minutes depending on battery size and the power of the charging stations used. The total electricity demand for this transition is calculated to be around 300-600 GWh each year. The major problem Sweden faces is to supply this electricity in a sustainable way as there currently is no surplus in electricity production. In conclusion, the transition into a fully electrical truck fleet in Stockholm seems feasible. The technology required to successfully manage this transition exists today but has to be implemented by both Stockholm’s län and the private companies. The interest as well as trends in this sector provide further affirmation that this transition eventually will happen.