T2 Mapping Compared to Standard MRI Assessment : An Assessment of the Knee Cartilage on Distal Femur
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the most important modality for assessment of pathological changes in the knee cartilage. The assessment of the cartilage is usually made by a set of anatomical MRI images with different sequences. Newer techniques, that map various in MRI parameters, have been developed and allows changes in an earlier stage of the disease. One of these techniques is T2 mapping. The goal of this thesis was to compare this newer technique, T2 mapping, with the standard MRI assessment for assessment of articular cartilage on distal femur in the knee. The purpose was to assess the cartilage with these two different methods and analyze its outcomes. Eight subjects were included in this study and scanned with a 3.0 T or 1.5 T MRI machine. A specific MRI knee protocol was used for the standard MRI assessment, and a multi-echo sequence was used for the T2 mapping. The T2 map was created and analyzed in the program IntelliSpace Portal. Both the standard MRI assessment and the T2 map showed changes in the knee cartilage. The result showed either indication for damage cartilage or healthy cartilage. The standard assessment showed cartilage lesion in three subjects and no lesion in five subjects. The same outcomes were with the T2 mapping. However, not all results were equal. The T2 mapping also showed higher values in the trochlea area where no indications for changes were found in the standard assessment. This study showed similar results for both the standard assessment and the T2 map. Both methods could identify damage and is, therefore, useful for assessment of the knee cartilage. The outcomes of the different methods differ, and the assessment is therefore made in different ways. The T2 mapping can be analyzed both visual and quantitative. The outcomes were both a color map of the knee but also results in graphs and values. The standard assessment is only assessed from grayscale images. The best outcomes from the T2 mapping was when it only was changes within the cartilage and not when the cartilage lesion was adjacent to an underlying bone lesion. Based on what was examined in this work, the best result was when T2 mapping was used together with the anatomical images used in the standard assessment. The conclusion is that the standard assessment is necessary when it comes to make a damage assessment and perform damage marking as for Episurf. The T2 mapping is, however, an interesting method and will be more useful with more applications in the future. It is therefore exciting to keep an eye on the technology and its development.
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