How does greenspace design affect attractiveness to birds and humans in urban area?

Abstract: City greenspaces are often considered as refuges for wildlife living in the urban area.At the same time, the original function of greenspaces is providing relaxing places forpeople. So, to provide suitable area for both humans and wildlife in the city, it isimportant to learn about the preference to city greenspace design by humans and birds.In this study, I selected 45 city greenspaces from Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden, andused opportunistic citizen science bird records, environmental parameters ofgreenspaces analyzed by GIS and an online social survey to compare the preference ofbirds (using bird diversity as a proxy for preference) and humans living in urban areawith respect to certain environmental parameters of city greenspaces. I found that bothpeople and birds prefer greenspaces with large area, and some water area in or aroundgreenspace. I also found some conflicting preferences in that people more preferredgreenspaces near the city center but bird diversity was higher in greenspaces fartherfrom the city center. These results might bring new mind for urban ecology researchand ecofriendly city greenspace design. Greenspaces with larger area and water areawould be preferred by both people and birds.