Using Augmented Reality for cross-training in manufacturing to facilitate labor flexibility - A case study

Abstract: The ability to be flexible will be of great importance to stay competitive as a manufacturing company, and the human operator is a key resource to rapidly respond to changes within manufacturing. Creating a cross-trained workforce where the operators have the ability to rotate between tasks is a strategy to increase the labor flexibility, which in turn can increase the manufacturing flexibility. Equipping the operators with supporting technology has been seen beneficial to become more flexible. Using AR (Augmented Reality) for training has great potential, but few tests have been made in a real industrial environment. Furthermore, there is a lack of involvement of the operators in previous research. This study aims to investigate how AR can be implemented practically at an automotive manufacturing company and, by involving the operator, examine how the AR solution can contribute to increased labor flexibility. To fulfill the aim of the study, the following research question was formulated: • What factors are important to consider when implementing AR technology for increased labor flexibility in a manufacturing company? The research process of this study has included a literature review and a single case study conducted at a production line in an automotive manufacturing company. The design thinking process has been followed during the case study, to be able to always include the operators in the process. In the final phase of the case study, two prototypes were created to evaluate, from the operator’s perspective, how AR can be used at the shop floor. Data was gathered using tools from the design thinking toolbox, including explorative interviews and observations. The study results shows that the preferred AR method for experienced operators is using a hand-held device. Head mounted devices still has barriers to overcome, and more tests are needed to evaluate the user acceptance and risks involved with using head mounted devices in an industrial environment. The thesis has contributed to highlight what factors needs to be considered when implementing AR, by conducting real-life tests at the case company. Implementing AR in an industrial environment is not only buying the right hardware and software. There is a need for a strategy in how the technology should be adapted to the organization. This thesis proposes a start of the implementation journey in using AR to increase labor flexibility by formulating solution targets for further developing of AR technology.