Life cycle cost analysis of lithium ion batteries using different charging strategies: case study Stockholm Arlanda airport
Abstract: To reach existing climate goals, the transportation sector need to be readjusted. One alternative is to use electricityas fuel. A positive trend is that the market share of electric vehicles is increasing, much thanks to that the ba�eryprices are decreasing. One ba�ery that is commonly used in electric vehicles is the lithium ion ba�ery (LIB), whichprice has decreased and is expected to continue to decrease. One useful tool when investigating the costs is lifecycle cost (LCC) analysis.One goal of this master thesis is to perform a systematic literature review on existing research about LCC analysison LIB. �e literature review results show that the found, existing research mainly focuses on LIBs and life cycleassessments. �e focus on LCC analysis is concluded to be small, based on the found published literature.�e main goal of this project is to investigate the charging strategy impacts on LIB lifetime from an LCC perspectiveduring a 20 year period. �e investigated charging strategies are slow, fast and induction charging. Depending onhow a ba�ery is charged, di�erent lifetimes may be obtained which is why these strategies are investigated. �eLCC analysis includes and discusses the investment cost, preventive maintenance cost, corrective maintenance costand the residual value. �e aging of the LIB is examined using a ba�ery block in Simulink/MATLAB. �e ba�erymodel and LCC analysis is applied on a mail truck at Arlanda airport and uses therefore inputs from the mail truckto model for example the discharging pa�ern.�e results from the Simulink aging model show that depending on which charging strategy that is used, di�erentlifetimes are achieved for the same LIB.�e results also show that the lifetime of the LIB is strongly a�ected by thecharging current and the SOC limits. Induction charging gives the longest lifetime, 9.4 years, while fast charginggives the shortest lifetime, 7.7 years for an ambient temperature of 20
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