Pressure ulcer prevention in Costa Rica

Abstract: Background Pressure ulcers are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear or a combination of these. The consequences of pressure ulcers are contributing to higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It also increases costs to society and causing suffering affecting the quality of life for individuals. Research shows that patients often do not get access to those interventions with the highest evidence-based utility. Many times, there can be great differences within countries regarding interventions that reaches the patients. Aim The aim of the study was to describe pressure ulcers prevention by registered nurses in San José, Costa Rica. Method A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews was used. The study consisted of interviews with six registered nurses whereof one was an included pilot interview. The data process consisted of recording the interviews, transcription and a qualitative content analysis. Findings The main findings show that there is insufficient knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention and that there is a lacking ability to implement the existing knowledge into daily practice. Conclusion Strategies are needed to implement routines regarding pressure ulcer prevention and broader knowledge is needed to enable the registered nurses to follow these routines and to perform accurate and evidence based care. The lack of resources and time influence the ability to fulfil professional responsibilities regarding pressure ulcer prevention. The management have the important task to make sure that the needed knowledge and resources exists so that the staff can fulfil their work duties.