The Impact of Networks on the Legitimacy of the Emerging Bioenergy Systems: A socio-technological Comparison of the Emergence of the Bioenergy Systems in Sweden and in the UK

Abstract: Abstract Purpose: This thesis, first, sets out how the collective action strategies of prime movers and the manner in which they form networks affect the pace of legitimacy of a newly emerging bioenergy system. Under the light of this information, the second purpose is to see if it is possible to provide some lessons and good examples of networking strategies for prenatal or infant bioenergy cases from more mature and expending bioenergy markets. Design/approach/methodology: This thesis is an in-depth multiple case study examining into the bioenergy network formations in the UK and in Sweden. It has a specific focus on industrial (including political) networks which are analysed from a stand point of their functions to facilitate the diffusion of new technological systems. The study has been carried out via in-depth interviews and literature survey. Findings: The differences in the network formation during the infant years of bioenergy in Sweden and in the UK show that the way that the networks are established and the manner in which they function has a major impact (1) on their effectiveness in supporting the emergence of a new industry; and, (2) on the pace of legitimacy that is created for it in the eyes of the society, government and other industries. In Sweden, the relatively concerted, focused, and organized structure of the collaboration around bioenergy has been able to create an environment of knowledge, understanding and acceptance for bioenergy systems more easily in the eyes of the stakeholders. Hence, the collaborative approach that has emerged has facilitated the formation of a market more effectively. However, in the UK, the fragmented, poorly coordinated and competing character of bioenergy networking that is presently seen cannot effectively assist the infant bioenergy industry. The network is limited in its capabilities of producing and spreading information and knowledge; and creating an environment of trust. This impedes its level of understanding and acceptance by key stakeholders. Originality value: This thesis provides two areas of originality. First, it contributes to uncovering some vibrant dynamics on the diffusion of new technologies, beyond the policy support, by highlighting the important functions of networking. Second, it helps to cast light upon how these networks are formed and how their structures influence their effectiveness in facilitating the emergence of a new industry.