Antinutritionella substanser iåkerböna, ärter och blålupin vidutfodring till mjölkkor

Abstract: There is a shortage of locally produced high quality protein concentrates in Europe andSweden. Local production would decrease the dependency on imported soybean and meet thedemand for organically grown feedstuff from ecological dairy farmers. Field bean (Viciafaba), peas (Pisum sativum) and sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) are good alternatives tosoybean, but contain anti-nutritional substances (ANS) that could reduce their use as proteinconcentrates in dairy cow diets. The aim of this literature study was to review which ANSfield bean, peas and sweet lupin contain and whether they affect dairy cows negatively.Trypsin inhibitors and Chymotrypsin inhibitors (TI) were present in all three crops. TI couldbecome inactivated and degraded in the rumen, but due to the high passage speed of thedigesta, most TI left the rumen in an active state. Field bean had the highest tannin content;peas and sweet lupin contained very low levels. The larger part of the tannin content wasmade up of condensed tannins, which at low levels can create beneficial by-pass protein.Alkaloids were only found in lupin. Alkaloids are not detoxified in the rumen and have ananti-microbial action that damages fermentation. Field bean, and to some extent peas,contained lectins. Lectins are not degraded in the rumen. The field bean and pea type of lectinwere not harmful to rats. All the studied ANS escaped inactivation and degradation in therumen due to the high passage rate of the digesta. The ANS content in field bean, pea andsweet lupin is small and the crops do not need processing. It is highly unlikely that dangerouslevels of ANS can be reached with the rations currently given in Sweden.