Single Photon Imaging System for the ESS Linac
Abstract: To control an accelerating proton beam that travels close to the speed of light, a large number of beam diagnostic instruments are needed. One of the instruments that will be used at the accelerator of the European Spallation Source is a Non-invasive Profile Monitor (NPM). Once installed, this system will measure the transverse beam profile by imaging the fluorescent gas induced by the accelerated proton beam. However, there are two problems that make this system more complex than just using a camera. In the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section where this monitor is going to be placed, the light intensity will be very low. The NPM has to image the beam in a single photon counting mode. To achieve this, an image intensifier is used to amplify the number of photons. The second problem is the high level of radiation next to the beam. The camera has to be placed in a shielded area away from the beam, and the image is therefore transported via a 10-meter-long fiber bundle to the camera. The goal of this thesis is to understand the characteristics of the NPM and to demonstrate that single photon imaging is possible. The results show that these requirements are fulfilled if some suggested modifications are made. An additional model of the system was implemented in MATLAB, to understand its response when parameters of the system are varied. The work of this thesis, including the model, can be used when designing future systems similar to the NPM.
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