Opportunities to improve farming systems to achieve adaptability to climate change : farmers’ perceptions on climate change and diversification of cropping systems as an adaptive strategy in southern Skåne

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about farmers’ perception of how the climate change might impact agriculture in southern Sweden and therefore how cropping systems diversification could enhance the adaptation to climate change. 16 farmers including owners and managers of conventional and organic production systems and a consultant at SLU participated in the study. Other stakeholders from the agricultural sector were also part of the participatory process. The study was based on a qualitative research study including semistructured interviews and the initiation of a process of participatory action research. In general, cropping systems have been influenced by various factors such as legislative frameworks from the EU and also at national level. These systems have advanced by the use of technology and have become intensive farming systems dependent on external inputs such as fertilizers and agrochemicals. The change in agricultural practices that promote sustainable production is occurring slowly and that may be due to the conservative behavior of farmers in general who are reluctant to change the way they farm. The perception of farmers on climate change was mainly attributed to natural processes rather than a consequence of human activity. However, many advances have been made in order to reduce GHG emissions particularly influenced by the national government. Farmers have realized the importance of improving soil health, as well as the water management and increased biodiversity. Farmers perceived diversification in cropping systems as the use of cover crops to keep the soil covered throughout the year. Although farmers did not see the introduction of new crops feasible at the moment, they were aware that the effects of climate change would bring opportunities to grow new crops. Finally farmers mentioned the importance of generating more knowledge about these new practices. In addition, government support with clear and concise policies that promote sustainable production practices that are in line with the needs and demands of the farmers are needed. This study indicates that understanding farming systems with a holistic approach, allow us to comprehend the effects of various social, economic and environmental aspects that influence farmers’ decision making and also the choice of their farming approach. Although new CAP reforms and regulations at nation level have made room for aspects of environmental conservation, it is still unclear which is the most practical approach to implement these regulations. New practices have emerged towards improving sustainable production. However, the sector needs to understand the benefits of ecosystem services as well as the restriction of an entirely economic perspective. Furthermore, this study suggests that diversification is an adaptation strategy that would be possible to implement to address climate change in the region. It is necessary to promote the active participation of various stakeholders in order to find joint solutions that are tailored to local needs.