Blurring boundaries : the role of sustainability reporting as a boundary object in FMCG supply chains

Abstract: Purpose: The sustainability impacts of supply chain practices have become a topic of contention, and customers are demanding more information on the sustainable performance of corporate entities. Sustainability reporting has emerged in response to these concerns as a method to showcase the sustainability performance a company’s supply chain to relevant stakeholders. However, research on the topic is still limited in scope, with most studies carried out from a business standpoint, and not from a holistic perspective. This thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the potential role of sustainability reports as boundary objects between supply chain stakeholders. The study reviewed the sustainability reports of a set of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies. Methodology: The methodology for this thesis consisted of three different sections. A quantitative review of past literature was used to identify gaps in previous research. The content of the reports was assessed using a directed content analysis, which was based on previous theory on sustainable supply chains. Finally, a database search was used to determine the level of disclosure of each company, focusing on adherence to reporting standards and external assurance of the reports. Results: The results showed that there is a gap in theoretical knowledge regarding supply chains and sustainability reporting, with little research existing on the role of sustainability reports as boundary objects. The content of all reports consistently emphasized the environmental dimension of sustainability, but results varied in regards to the economic and social dimensions as well as in the use of performance indicators to address sustainability; with the economic dimension being the least considered by a large margin. The level of disclosure of the reports also varied, as some companies ensured the validity of their reports by seeking external assurance on their adherence to the reporting guidelines, while others presented a less rigorous approach. Discussion/Contribution: It was concluded that there is a demand for these reports, and thus potential gain for the business, but for them to serve as effective boundary objects they must offer a transparent and comprehensive view of the companies’ sustainability performance that reflects the needs of all stakeholders. A framework was proposed to improve the reporting process, which emphasizes integration of stakeholders into the reporting process and external assurance. Sustainability reporting presents great potential in blurring boundaries between the stakeholders of the supply chains of FMCG companies. However, that potential is yet to be fully developed.