Proportionality in Election Systems

Abstract: Purpose This essay introduces first an overview over the most common election systems and, in particular the Swedish election system. The main purpose is then to examine how well the current system in Sweden performs with respect to proportionality and then to analyse how a more proportional system can be achieved. Method The Swedish election system is analysed using a computer simulation method. Based on a large number of simulated election outcomes is the degree of proportionality examined. In the simulations take the main values of the Swedish election system, namely the number of constituencies, the numbers of adjustment seats and the most important value in the technique of distributing mandates, different values. Conclusion: When the constituencies are of equal size, a number of 10 to 15 constituencies give the most proportional result. For the current distribution of constituencies, a value between 1.2 and 1.3 on the first divisor is preferred. A large number of adjustment seats leads in general to a more proportional result.