Business Model Innovation for Energy Communities : A Cross-Comparative Analysis with the Business Model Canvas in the Swedish energy market

Abstract: This thesis undertakes a thorough exploration of business models for energy communities, specifically tailored to the unique requirements of the Swedish energy sector. Its objective is to identify and evaluate global business models for energy communities, focusing on their applicability within Sweden's regulatory, market, and socio-cultural contexts. Utilizing the Business Model Canvas as an analytical framework, the study initially identifies twelve distinct business model archetypes, ranging from community-based energy generation to models grounded in circular economy principles. Subsequently, it assesses their viability within Sweden's innovative and sustainability-focused energy landscape. The research is based on a qualitative methodology, incorporating a systematic literature review and comparative analysis to understand the complex dynamics of energy communities. By examining the structure of the Swedish energy system, the study pinpoints key factors influencing the success of energy- community models in Sweden, including regulatory frameworks, technological infrastructure, economic and financial viability, community engagement, and environmental sustainability. The findings emphasize six business models that closely align with Swedish values and objectives, highlighting the significance of community involvement, sustainability, and innovation in transforming Sweden's energy sector. These models include community-based energy generation, residential energy self-consumption, shared community energy generation, electric mobility cooperatives, collective financial initiatives, and circular economy-based approaches. In conclusion, the thesis proposes an Integrated Sustainable Energy Community Model (ISECM) as a comprehensive futuristic energy community model to guide Sweden's transition towards a more decentralized, participative, and sustainable energy future. This model integrates sustainable energy production, smart urban mobility, resource recovery, and digital integration. Further recommending strategic initiatives for implementation such as developing community platforms, forging strategic partnerships, and establishing environmental and social metrics. The research contributes to both academic and practical discussions on sustainable energy transitions, offering a strategic framework for leveraging community-based models to achieve Sweden's environmental and energy goals. It calls for active engagement from government, industry, academia, and communities to unlock the potential of innovative business models in advancing Sweden's energy sustainability agenda.