Moving Beyond Two Dimensions : An Evaluation of Four Different Three-Dimensional Locomotion Interfaces for Virtual Reality

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative evaluation of four 3D locomotion interfaces in virtual reality: Slider, Teleport, Point & Tug, and Arm-Cycle. The study employed a mixed methods approach to assess their performance using a token-collecting task in a virtual environment with obstacles, focusing on efficiency, spatial awareness, usability, task load, presence, and cybersickness. The results indicate that Slider and Teleport interfaces demonstrated higher efficiency and usability, excelling in collision avoidance and token collection. On the other hand, Point & Tug and Arm-Cycle interfaces offered enhanced engagement, presence, spatial awareness, and physical interactions but at the cost of decreased efficiency and an increase in cybersickness symptoms. However, it is important to note that the results from presence and spatial awareness are multifaceted, necessitating further investigation and the inclusion of additional measurements for a comprehensive understanding. The study acknowledges limitations such as simplified obstacle scenarios, limited sample size, and specific interface implementations, potentially limiting the generalizability and validity of the findings. To advance future research, the study suggests exploring diverse obstacle configurations, standardizing interface implementations, and expanding participant samples for more robust and conclusive results.