Navigating the smartphone era in times of war : Ukrainian civilians' smartphone usage in the aftermath of the Russian invasion into Ukraine in 2022

Abstract: The study examines the role of smartphones as both a media technology and media practice in the context of the war between Ukraine and Russia starting in 2022. Focusing on Ukrainian civilians, who constitute one of the most networked societies, the research explores the extent and quality of smartphone technology's pervasiveness, evolving social dynamics and experiences shaped by smartphone-mediated communication, and the implications of smartphone-mediated involvement for civilians' experiences of the war. The research employs a case study approach, with the Russian-Ukrainian war serving as the specific case. Key themes emerged from the findings: ubiquity and pervasiveness, immediacy and immersion, media mix and the digital divide, infrastructure dependencies, and smartphone-mediated trust and participation. The study reveals that smartphones have become integral to Ukrainian communication culture and an everyday necessity during the war. Ukrainian civilians heavily rely on smartphones for critical communication and coordination, blurring the boundaries between the physical and digital worlds. Connectivity plays a crucial role, enabling real-time information exchange and facilitating communication and connection during the war. Trust dynamics are influenced as well. Smartphones also enable participation through various forms such as joining digital warrior groups or documenting personal experiences, contributing to collective memory and shaping personal and collective narratives of the war. In conclusion, smartphones have transformed the lives of Ukrainian civilians in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, becoming essential tools for communication, coordination, and accessing critical information. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive access, collective action, and cooperation to overcome challenges and ensure effective smartphone utilization during war. It also highlights the relational nature of witnessing, the link between participation and memory, and the potential risks associated with smartphone-mediated involvement.