Art and Graphic Design : Rejecting difference in essence

Abstract: The aim with this paper is assessing the debate of art and graphic design being the same or different matter in essence - taking an almost ontological approach. Malcolm Barnard writes in his Graphic Design and Art (2005) that there may be one genuine difference, if not potentially more, that makes art and graphic design two different concepts. I intend on disproving Barnard’s idea that any difference in essence exists at all. However there may be a genuine distinguisher that can place a work in either category. In section I, the topic is presented. There are six commonly accepted arguments in favour of art and graphic design being different from each other, of which Barnard starts by familiarising the reader with. One by one he proves all unsound with the intention of making room for his own seventh argument as the sole contender. This seventh argument is presented at the start of section II. As far as the six arguments I agree with him, contributing with my own thoughts and comments to support his reasoning. However, when argument number seven is presented I oppose myself to Barnard. This argument is based on Walter Benjamin’s theory of aura and the idea that art and graphic design are different from each other because art has aura and graphic design does not. I deliver my own counter arguments disproving Barnard’s thesis. To strengthen my reasoning I also consider arguments of Ian Knizek who has critiqued Benjamin Walter - the man who came up with the concept of aura in art. After this, in section III, a sliver of a thought Barnard mentioned in his text is considered. This is evolved and improved by me, constructing a complete eight argument: that intention and institution can distinguish suitability of a work regarding either concept. Even though it  is not a difference in essence, I argue it enough to be genuine. Finally I come to the conclusion that there can not be any difference between art and graphic design unless my proposed eight argument.