Modelling of Laser Welding of Aluminium using COMSOL Multiphysics

Abstract: This thesis presents a modelling approach of laser welding process of aluminium alloy from the thermo-mechanical point of view to evaluate the occurrence of hot cracking based on simulation results and relevant criteria. The model was created stepwise in COMSOL Multiphysics, starting with the thermal model where heat conduction of solid and liquid phase was computed. Then the CFD model was created by involving the driving forces of liquid motion in the weld pool, i.e. natural convection and Marangoni effect. Lastly, the temperature profile calculated by the CFD model was loaded into the mechanical model for computation of thermal stress and strain. The mechanical results were required in  criteria for measuring the  susceptibility of hot cracking. The main findings include that Marangoni effect plays a dominant role in generating the fluid flow and convective heat flux in the weld pool, thus enhancing the heat dissipation and lowering temperature in the workpiece. By contrast, such temperature reduction caused by the air convection, radiation and natural convection is negligible. The welding track further from the clamped side experiences smaller transversal residual stress, but it does not necessarily suggest higher susceptibility to hot cracking according to the applied criteria. It can be concluded judging from current results that these first models of laser welding process work satisfactorily. There is still a work to do to obtain the full maturity of this model due to its limitation and some assumptions made for simplicity.