Information Extraction from Invoices using Graph Neural Networks

Abstract: Information Extraction is a sub-field of Natural Language Processing that aims to extract structured data from unstructured sources. With the progress in digitization, extracting key information like account number, gross amount, etc. from business invoices becomes an interesting problem in both industry and academy. Such a process can largely facilitate online payment, as users do not have to type in key information by themselves. In this project, we design and implement an extraction system that combines Machine Learning and Heuristic Rules to solve the problem. Invoices are transformed into a graph structure and then Graph Neural Networks are used to give predictions of the role of each word appearing on invoices. Rule-based modules output the final extraction results based on aggregated information from predictions. Different variants of graph models are evaluated and the best system achieves 90.93% correct rate. We also study how the number of stacked graph neural layers influences the performance of the system. The ablation study compares the importance of each extracted feature and results show that the combination of features from different sources, rather than any single feature, plays the key role in the classification. Further experiments reveal the respective contributions of Machine Learning and rule-based modules for each label.