Effects on lifetime of lithium ion batteries using different charging strategies: case study Stockholm Arlanda Airport

Abstract: Electric vehicles are necessary in the shift away from combustion engine vehicles inorder to reduce the transport sectors greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike vehicles withcombustion engines, electric vehicles need to be charged, a process that takes variableduration of time depending on the power of the charger, the battery size and thecharging pattern. This report focuses on lithium ion batteries in an electric vehicle.Lithium-ion batteries are the most common batteries in electric vehicles due to theirhigh specific energy and energy density. The first chapter explains the composition ofa lithium ion battery from a single battery cell up to an entire battery system, and aliterature review was made in order to further understand failure causes of lithum ionbatteries. The second chapter analyses how the lifetime of a battery is affected by threedifferent charging strategies and the ambient temperature. The analysis was done ona case study of ground support vehicles on Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden. Theconclusions drawn from the analysis are that the battery should be charged with stateof charge limits close to 50 %, a low charging power and a temperature close to 20°C in order to maximize lifetime. Since charging with low power takes a significantlylonger time compared to higher power charging options, future work should focus onweighing the efficiency of the ground support vehicles with the need for a long batterylifetime.