Essays about: "child penalty"

Showing result 1 - 5 of 9 essays containing the words child penalty.

  1. 1. Babies on a Budget: How the Cost of Child-Rearing Affects Fertility in Japan

    University essay from Handelshögskolan i Stockholm/Institutionen för nationalekonomi

    Author : Malkolm Banker; Malin Lundblad; [2023]
    Keywords : fertility; family planning; panel data; child-rearing costs; child penalty;

    Abstract : This paper examines the relationship between child-rearing costs and fertility in Japan. Using panel data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers, we investigate the issue through two distinct approaches. Firstly, we construct a proxy for expected child-rearing costs and attempt to find a link to the propensity of having children. READ MORE

  3. 2. The Family Gaps in Pay : Empirical Evidence From Japan

    University essay from Umeå universitet/Nationalekonomi

    Author : Linda Svedmark; [2021]
    Keywords : ;

    Abstract : Japan has the second largest gender wage gap among the OECD nations and is falling behind in the progress of gender equality. As research indicates that parenthood greatly contributes to the gender wage gap, this thesis quantifies the magnitudes of the Japanese family pay gaps among women and men and examines which factors mainly contribute to their existence. READ MORE

  4. 3. The motherhood earnings penalty : The case of Sweden

    University essay from Linnéuniversitetet/Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS)

    Author : Johanna Nordquist; Ida Saranpää; [2020]
    Keywords : ;

    Abstract : This paper investigates the motherhood earnings penalty of women in Sweden. To answer this question, we conducted an empirical analysis by using the ordinary least square on a data sample regarding women and the total number of children. READ MORE

  5. 4. Is the Glass Ceiling a Motherhood Ceiling After All?

    University essay from Lunds universitet/Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen

    Author : Karolina Jennings; [2019]
    Keywords : gender inequality; gender pay gap; child penalty; fertility; South Korea; Business and Economics;

    Abstract : South Korea has the highest gender pay gap and the lowest fertility rate in the OECD (OECD Data, n.y.). Gender equity theory suggests that there is a link between high gender inequality and low fertility, as women struggle to have both a career and a family. READ MORE

  6. 5. What's the difference? : A descriptive analysis of the evolution of the family gap in Sweden

    University essay from Uppsala universitet/Nationalekonomiska institutionen

    Author : Anna Fornwall; [2019]
    Keywords : Gender wage gap; family gap; wage inequality; child penalty;

    Abstract : In this study, I compare men and women with and without children to analyze the effect of children on wages and earnings. By comparing the gender wage gap to the family gap for men and women respectively, I find that there is still a persistent, yet rather small, family gap for women. READ MORE