Women change quickly while men change slowly : exploring gender perceptions of couples of East African origins in Sweden (Rwanda, Burundi, Eritrea and Ethiopia)

Abstract: This study seeks to explore, from the perspectives of migrant couples, the challenges emanating from the change in gender norms during the integration process of migrant couples in Sweden. The research is specifically limited to migrants of East African origins (Burundi, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Rwanda) and the main intent is to scrutinize the evolvement of intra-household relations as gender norms change during the integration process. For data collection, qualitative methods have been employed and reliable data were generated through in-depth individual interviews. Data have been analyzed through the lens of relevant theories and concepts; Gender theory and household bargaining have been employed to discuss the challenges for couples as gender norms change during the integration process. The empirical findings revealed that the intra-household interactions between men and women are conspicuously shaped by the gender norms of the host country. This was evidenced by the reshaping of household bargaining in the migrants’ families where women have acquired more bargaining power or the abilities to influence decisions in the households. Moreover, the new gender norms have engendered the alteration of gendered division of labor as evidenced by the upheaval of responsibilities and tasks between men and women in the migrant households. The research has revealed that these changes have triggered conflicts between men and women in the migrant households. The disputes are raised due to the fact that women have acquired more bargaining power through economic independence and men do not want to lose the autocratic power and control over the households. Furthermore, this study has revealed that, though migrant couples face awkward gender-related challenges, they have adopted coping mechanisms and more than men, women quickly adopt the Swedish gender norms and culture during their stay in Sweden.