Object shape and depth perception in VR

Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) for surgical training shows promise in preparing surgeons for complex procedures. However, achieving a high level of realism in VR is essential for the skills acquired to translate effectively into real-world applications. One challenge is the underestimation of perceived depth in VR compared to the real world, which can significantly impact applications requiring precise depth perception. This study aims to investigate how object shape influences depth perception in VR, as it may contribute to the observed underestimation of distances. Specifically, the research focuses on minimally invasive neurosurgery (MIS), where surgeons operate through small incisions on the skull without direct visualization of the inside of the skull. Training in a highly accurate VR simulation could offer a safe practice environment for surgeons. Previous studies have explored the use of VR for training in various fields, including medicine, transport, and military applications. However, concerns exist regarding whether VR accurately represents real-life scenarios, particularly with regard to depth perception. Research indicates that participants often underestimate egocentric distances in VR, which can pose challenges in MIS procedures where precise targeting is crucial. This study builds upon previous research conducted by KTH master’s students in 2022, which examined spatio-temporal distance perception in VR. This study expands on this work by investigating the influence of object shape on depth perception. Previous research has shown that different object shapes, luminance, and colors can impact depth perception in VR. Understanding how object shape affects depth perception can contribute to improving the realism of VR simulations for surgical training, particularly for MIS procedures.