Enhancing Learning Outcomes with Pure Question-Based Learning : A Study on the Effectiveness of the Method in a Primary School Environment

Abstract: In light of technological progress, companies, and public entities must remain aware of the significant opportunities presented by new technologies in terms of accelerating and optimizing knowledge acquisition. This research paper investigates the impact of pure question-based learning (pQBL) on academic performance in a primary school environment. The pQBL method involves learning only through interactive questions. Students receive formative feedback after each answer. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of pQBL in improving knowledge acquisition and retention among students and evaluate students' perceptions of the method. The study was conducted at Botlhale Cambridge International School in Gaborone, Botswana. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, with two classes receiving the pQBL treatment while a control group received traditional instruction. Pretests and posttests were administered to evaluate students' knowledge levels before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using the difference-in-difference (DiD) method and a regression model. The findings revealed that pQBL positively impacted academic performance in the subject of properties of substances in the two test group classes, resulting in improved knowledge retention compared to the control group. The results were statistically significant at a 10% level for both classes (P = 0.062 and 0.064, respectively). The survey conducted in the final stage of the study revealed that students responded favorably to the pQBL method. 73% of the students believed that the course helped them understand the course material, while approximately 50% found the course to be of moderate difficulty. Students appreciated the interactive nature of the course, finding it enjoyable and beneficial for those who required additional time to finish the course. However, some students pointed out that certain course parts could have been improved. The study results suggest that pQBL can be a promising strategy for enhancing academic performance and promoting active learning among primary school students in science classes. By capitalizing on the interactive nature of questions and providing timely feedback, pQBL can create an engaging and effective learning environment. However, more research needs to be conducted to assess the method's efficiency in different learning settings and subjects.